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CONTENTS Page
PREFACE V
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2
2.1. HYDROCARBON COMPONENTS 2
2.2. OXYGENATES 3
2.3. ADDITIVES 3
3. TYPICAL PROPERTIES 5
4. TOXICITY 6
4.1. ACUTE TOXICITY 6
4.1.1. Oral, Skin and Inhalation 6
4.1.2. Skin and Eye Irritation 7
4.1.3. Skin Sensitization 7
4.2. SUB-CHRONIC TOXICITY 7
4.2.1. Skin 8
4.2.2. Inhalation 8
4.3. CARCINOGENICITY 9
4.3.1. Inhalation 10
4.3.2. Skin 11
4.4. MUTAGENICITY 12
4.5. TERATOGENICITY 14
4.6. NEUROTOXICITY 14
5. HEALTH ASPECTS 15
5.1. HUMAN EXPERIENCE 15
5.1.1. Epidemiology 15
5.1.2. Gasoline Sniffing 16
5.1.3. Volunteer Inhalation Study 16
5.1.4. Case Report 16
5.2. INHALATION 16
5.3. INGESTION 17
5.4. ASPIRATION 17
5.5. SKIN CONTACT 17
5.6. EYE CONTACT 17
6. EXPOSURE LIMITS 18
7. HANDLING ADVICE 19
8. EMERGENCY TREATMENT 21
8.1. INHALATION 21
8.2. INGESTION 21
8.3. ASPIRATION 21
8.4. SKIN CONTACT 21
8.5. EYE CONTACT 22
8.6. INFORMATION FOR DOCTORS 22
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IV
9. DISPOSAL 23
10. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS 24
11. ECOTOXICITY - INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 25
11.1. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS 25
11.2. PERSISTENCE AND BIODEGRADATION 25
11.3. TOXICITY - AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL 27
11.4. CONCLUSIONS/SUMMARY 32
12. REFERENCES 33
APPENDIX 1A GASOLINE COMPONENTS FROM CRUDE DISTILLATION 45
APPENDIX 1B GASOLINE COMPONENTS FROM ALKYLATION, ISOMERIZATION
AND SOLVENT EXTRACTION 47
APPENDIX 1C GASOLINE COMPONENTS FROM CRACKING PROCESSES 50
APPENDIX 1D GASOLINE COMPONENTS FROM CATALYTIC REFORMING 52
APPENDIX 1E GASOLINE COMPONENTS FROM THERMAL CRACKING 55
APPENDIX 1F GASOLINE COMPONENTS FROM HYDROTREATING 57
APPENDIX 1G OTHER GASOLINE COMPONENTS 60
